Pengaruh Adopsi Media Sosial terhadap Pertumbuhan UMKM dengan Customer Management Relationship Capabilites sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Studi Kasus UMKM Kota Pasuruan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58192/ebismen.v5i2.4447Keywords:
Small and Medium Enterprises, Social Media Adoption, CRMC, SME PerformanceAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of digital transformation and social media utilization on the performance of SMEs, as well as to examine the role of Customer Relationship Management Capability (CRMC) as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with an explanatory design was employed, with data collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 170 SME actors in Pasuruan City. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings reveal that social media adoption does not have a significant effect on SME performance. Conversely, social media adoption has a positive and significant effect on CRMC. Furthermore, social media utilization was found to have a positive and significant effect on SME performance. Finally, CRMC plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between social media adoption and SME performance. Overall, these results highlight the strategic role of social media in strengthening CRM capabilities, which in turn contributes to improving SME performance. The integration of social media technologies with CRMC processes can be regarded as a crucial foundation for building organizational capabilities that are competitive and sustainable.
References
Abbasi, G. A., Fareen, N., Rahim, A., Wu, H., Iranmanesh, M., Ng, B., & Keong, C. (2022). Determinants of SME ’ s Social Media Marketing Adoption : Competitive Industry as a Moderator. 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211067220
Abudaqa, A., Alzahmi, R. A., Almujaini, H., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Does innovation moderate the relationship between digital facilitators, digital transformation strategies and overall performance of SMEs of UAE? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 14(3), 330–350. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijev.2022.124964
Akbar, M. F., & Zein, D. M. (2025). Pengaruh Transformasi Digital Terhadap Kinerja Umkm Melalui Pemanfaatan Sosial Media : Studi Kasus Umkm Di Kota Pasuruan. 3(2), 258–266.
Alghamdi, O. A. (2024). Exploring the Link Between Social Media Adoption and Saudi Arabia SME ’ s Sustainable Performance : The Moderating Role of COVID-19. December, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241293043
Arifin, A. (2022). Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Customer Engagement Dan Brand Image Pada Instagram Shopee Indonesia. 8(Mei), 9–17.
Arora, A. S., & Sanni, S. A. (2018). Ten Years of ‘ Social Media Marketing ’ Research in the Journal of Promotion Management : Research Synthesis , Emerging Themes , and New Directions. 6491. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2018.1448322
Banerji, R., & Singh, A. (2026). Do social media marketing activities promote customer loyalty ? A study on the e-commerce industry. 22(1), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/LBSJMR-04-2023-0016
Cao, G., & Weerawardena, J. (2023). Strategic use of social media in marketing and financial performance : The B2B SME context. Industrial Marketing Management, 111(May 2022), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.03.007
Chatterjee, S., & Kar, A. K. (2020). Why do small and medium enterprises use social media marketing and what is the impact : Empirical insights from India. International Journal of Information Management, 53(February), 102103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102103
Chung, S., Animesh, A., Han, K., & Pinsonneault, A. (2014). Firms ’ Social Media Efforts , Consumer Behavior , and Firm Performance. International Conference on Information Systems, 35.
Crupi, A., Del Sarto, N., Di Minin, A., Gregori, G. L., Lepore, D., Marinelli, L., & Spigarelli, F. (2020). The digital transformation of SMEs – a new knowledge broker called the digital innovation hub. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(6), 1263–1288. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2019-0623
De Marco, C. E., Martelli, I., & Di Minin, A. (2020). European SMEs’ engagement in open innovation When the important thing is to win and not just to participate, what should innovation policy do? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119843
Dwivedi, A., & Pawsey, N. (2023). Examining the drivers of marketing innovation in SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 155(PB), 113409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113409
Fan, M., Qalati, S. A., Aamir, M., Khan, S., Mir, S., Shah, M., Ramzan, M., & Khan, R. S. (2021). Effects of entrepreneurial orientation on social media adoption and SME performance : The moderating role of innovation capabilities. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247320
Fang, G. G., Qalati, S. A., Ostic, D., Mir, S., Shah, M., & Mirani, M. A. (2021). Technology Analysis & Strategic Management Effects of entrepreneurial orientation , social media , and innovation capabilities on SME performance in emerging countries : a mediated – moderated model. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 0(0), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1957816
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (Third Edit). SAGE Publications Inc.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Indrawati, H., Caska, H., & Suarman, H. (2020). Barriers to technological innovations of SMEs: how to solve them? International Journal of Innovation Science, 12(5), 545–564. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-04-2020-0049
Irfan, E., Ali, Y., & Sabir, M. (2022). Analysing role of businesses’ investment in digital literacy: A case of Pakistan. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176(January), 121484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121484
Jaafar, N. S., & Khan, N. (2022). Impact of Digital Marketing Innovation in Competitive Event Industry During Covid-19: Evidence from Malaysia and The United States. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(9), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i09.27915
Jung, S. U., & Shegai, V. (2023). The Impact of Digital Marketing Innovation on Firm Performance: Mediation by Marketing Capability and Moderation by Firm Size. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075711
Li, F., Larimo, J., & Leonidou, L. C. (2023). Social media in marketing research : Theoretical bases , methodological aspects , and thematic focus. October 2022, 124–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21746
Limanseto, H. (2025). Pemerintah Dorong UMKM Naik Kelas, Tingkatkan Kontribusi terhadap Ekspor Indonesia. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia. https://www.ekon.go.id/publikasi/detail/6152/pemerintah-dorong-umkm-naik-kelas-tingkatkan-kontribusi-terhadap-ekspor-indonesia
Mahmudah, H., & Muhtarom, A. (2024). Effect of Business Digitalization and Social Media on MSME Performance with Digital Competence as a Mediating Variable. 11(3), 645–660. https://doi.org/10.15294/sji.v11i3.9942
Marolt, M., & Zimmermann, H. (2022). Social Media Use and Business Performance in SMEs : The Mediating Roles of Relational Social Commerce Capability and Competitive Advantage.
Mulyati, Y., Alfian, A., & Putra, Y. B. (2024). A Study on Customer Engagement of Kopi Kenangan : Reviewed from a Social Media Marketing Perspective , Brand Image and Brand Love. 07(06), 3188–3202. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i6-14
Obermayer, N., & Leinonen, J. (2022). How social media practices shape family business performance: The wine industry case study (pp. 360–371). Elsevier.
Omoush, K. Al, Val, U. De, Lassala, C., & Ribeiro-navarrete, S. (2023). The role of digital business transformation in frugal innovation and SMEs ’ resilience in emerging markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-12-2022-1937
Pfister, P., Lehmann, C., & Pfister, P. (2023). Returns on digitisation in SMEs — a systematic literature review literature review. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 35(4), 574–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1980680
Qalati, S. A., & Mingyue, F. (2021). A mediated – moderated model for social media adoption and small and medium-sized enterprise performance in emerging countries. July, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3422
Qalati, S. A., Ostic, D., Ali, M., Ali, B., Gopang, A. A., & Khan, A. (2022). Social Media and SMEs ’ Performance in Developing Countries : Effects of Technological-Organizational- Environmental Factors on the Adoption of Social Media. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221094594
Rajiman, N. A., Hamid, R. S., & Dewintari, P. (2026). Kinerja Bisnis Umkm : Peran Digital Marketing Orientation , Brand Resonance Capability Dan Customer Engagement. 5(4), 1543–1557.
Roosdhani, M. R., Arifin, S., Komariyatin, N., & Huda, N. (2023). The Effect Of Social Media Customer Engagement On Social Media Performance. 591–603.
Soelaiman, L., & Ekawati, S. (2022). The Role of Social Media in Enhancing Business Performance. 216(Icebm 2021), 400–404.
Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Shah, N. U., Candra, A. H., Hashim, N. M. H. N., & Abdullah, N. L. (2023). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs: the roles of marketing capabilities and social media usage. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(2), 379–403. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2021-0090
Szolnoki, G., Dolan, R., Forbes, S., Thach, L., & Goodman, S. (2018). Using social media for consumer interaction : An international comparison of winery adoption and activity. Wine Economics and Policy, 7(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wep.2018.07.001
Tajvidi, R., & Karami, A. (2017). The effect of social media on firm performance. Computers in Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.026
Trainor, K. J., Mick, J., Rapp, A., & Agnihotri, R. (2013). Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance : A capabilities-based examination of social CRM. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.002
Upadhyay, N., Upadhyay, S., Al-Debei, M. M., Baabdullah, A. M., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). The influence of digital entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation on intention of family businesses to adopt artificial intelligence: examining the mediating role of business innovativeness. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 29(1), 80–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2022-0154
Vrontis, D., Makrides, A., & Christofi, M. (2021). Social media influencer marketing : A systematic review , integrative framework and future research agenda. August 2020, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12647
Wibowo, A., Chen, S., Wiangin, U., Ma, Y., & Ruangkanjanases, A. (2021). Customer Behavior as an Outcome of Social Media Marketing : The Role of Social Media Marketing Activity and Customer Experience.
Zelda, G. (2025). Media Sosial dengan Pengguna Terbanyak 2024. GoodStats. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/media-sosial-dengan-pengguna-terbanyak-2024-pKIYg
Zhang, F., & Zhu, L. (2021). Social media strategic capability , organizational unlearning , and disruptive innovation of SMEs : The moderating roles of TMT heterogeneity and environmental dynamism. Journal of Business Research, 133(May), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.071
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.







