Transmisi Inflasi Global Terhadap Kinerja Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia (2023-2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58192/ebismen.v5i1.4146Keywords:
Exchange Rate, Global Inflation, International Trade, Net ExportsAbstract
Global economic dynamics in the post-pandemic era have placed Indonesia in a vulnerable position regarding external shocks, particularly through the transmission of global inflation from 2023 to 2025. This study aims to empirically analyze the transmission of global inflation to Indonesia's international trade performance during this period. The research employs a quantitative approach with causal associative design, utilizing monthly time series data analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression (OLS). The findings indicate that global inflation significantly impacts trade performance through exchange rate channels and commodity price fluctuations. Specifically, global inflation triggers monetary tightening in developed countries, leading to Rupiah depreciation, which increases the cost of imported industrial raw materials (imported inflation). Furthermore, the normalization of primary commodity prices in 2024–2025 has pressured the trade balance surplus as export prices declined faster than import capital goods prices. However, the downstreaming (hilirisasi) sector demonstrates stronger resilience, serving as a primary stabilizer for the national trade balance. These results suggest that strengthening the domestic industrial structure and diversifying export markets are crucial for mitigating the negative impacts of global price transmissions.
Dinamika ekonomi global pascapandemi telah menempatkan Indonesia dalam posisi yang rentan terhadap guncangan eksternal, terutama melalui transmisi inflasi global selama periode 2023 hingga 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara empiris transmisi inflasi global terhadap kinerja perdagangan internasional Indonesia pada rentang waktu tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif asosiatif kausal dengan data time series bulanan yang dianalisis menggunakan Regresi Linear Berganda (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi global bekerja secara signifikan memengaruhi kinerja perdagangan melalui jalur nilai tukar dan fluktuasi harga komoditas. Inflasi global memicu pengetatan moneter di negara maju yang mengakibatkan depresiasi Rupiah, sehingga meningkatkan biaya impor bahan baku industri (imported inflation). Selain itu, normalisasi harga komoditas primer pada tahun 2024–2025 menekan surplus neraca perdagangan karena penurunan harga jual ekspor yang lebih cepat dibandingkan harga barang modal impor. Meskipun demikian, sektor hilirisasi menunjukkan resiliensi yang lebih kuat dan menjadi penopang utama neraca perdagangan nasional. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan pentingnya penguatan struktur industri domestik dan diversifikasi pasar ekspor untuk memitigasi dampak negatif transmisi harga global.
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