Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Journal Title: Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan Initials: Sinar Dunia Frequency: Maret, Juni, September dan Desember Print ISSN: 2963-4997 Online ISSN: 2963-542X Editor in Chief: Dhanan Abimanto, S.Hum., M.Pd; DOI: 10.58192 Publisher: Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan: ISSN: 2963-4997 (cetak), ISSN: 2963-542X (Online) Menyambut baik kiriman yang memberikan wawasan tentang masalah terkini dan utama yang berhubungan dengan ilmu Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Artikel bisa ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris atau bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Sinar Dunia diterbitkan 4 kali setahun: Maret, Juni, September dan Desember. Silakan buat Artikel Template baru lalu kirimkan naskah Anda. Jurnal ini terakreditasi SINTA 5 (SK Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 156/C/C3/KPT/2026 tanggal 7 April 2026, tentang Pemberitahuan Hasil Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode 2 Tahun 2025), dimulai dari Volume 2 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 sampai Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2028. Indexed by : Journal Sponsors and Partners :
Analisis Hukum Pembebasan Tanah Berdasarkan UU No. 2 Tahun 2002 untuk Pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara serta Dampaknya terhadap Hak Masyarakat Lokal dan Adat
The development of the Nusantara National Capital (IKN) is a strategic government policy aimed at promoting equitable national development, reducing the burden on Jakarta, and establishing a more sustainable center of governance. However, its implementation raises complex legal issues, particularly in land acquisition processes that directly affect the rights of local and indigenous communities. This study analyzes the legal aspects of land acquisition for IKN development and examines its impact on the protection of affected communities’ rights using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and descriptive approaches through literature review. The findings show that although legal frameworks such as the Basic Agrarian Law, Law No. 2 of 2002 on Land Acquisition, and Presidential Regulation No. 65 of 2022 exist, their implementation still faces challenges, including weak recognition of customary land rights, lack of transparency, inadequate compensation, and limited participation of indigenous peoples in decision-making. The dualism between state law and customary law also creates legal uncertainty for communities without formal land ownership evidence. Therefore, a more just, participatory, and transparent land acquisition mechanism is necessary to ensure that IKN development upholds the rights of local and indigenous communities while supporting social justice and sustainable national development.
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Penerapan Restorative Justice terhadap Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum dalam Prespektif The Best Interest of The Child
The application of Restorative justice to children in conflict with the law in criminal justice practice continues to raise issues and debates, particularly regarding the alignment between normative frameworks and their implementation from the perspective of the best interest of the child. This condition is influenced by the persistent dominance of a conventional punitive paradigm, despite the normative shift toward a more humanistic and restorative approach. This research is a normative legal study examining legal norms contained in legislation, court decisions, and relevant legal doctrines, using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results show that: (1) The formulation of Restorative justice in the Indonesian Criminal Code 2023 reflects a paradigm shift toward a more humanistic and restorative approach, in line with the principle of the best interest of the child. However, the regulation remains general and lacks operational clarity, potentially leading to inconsistencies in its application; (2) The application of Restorative justice in the Kupang District Court Decision Number 10/Pid.Sus-Anak/2024 does not substantively reflect the principle of the best interest of the child, as judicial considerations remain oriented toward punishment, while aspects of recovery and the child’s future protection have not been prioritized.
Konsep Istishab Menurut Imam As-Subki dan Penerapannya pada Transaksi Jual Beli Digital
Istishab is a method of establishing law in ushul fiqh that serves to maintain the original legal provisions until valid sharia evidence emerges to change them. According to Imam as-Subki, istishab emphasizes the principle that the original law remains valid as long as no valid evidence is found to invalidate it. This concept is relevant in responding to the dynamics of modern economic transactions, especially digital-based buying and selling which are developing rapidly along with technological advances. This study aims to examine the concept of istishab according to Imam as-Subki and analyze its application in digital buying and selling transactions, including e-commerce, digital wallets, and the QRIS payment system. This study is library research with the main sources being Imam as-Subki's works on ushul fiqh, specifically the book *Al-Ibhaj fi Syarh al-Minhaj*, as well as contemporary muamalah fiqh literature discussing digital transactions. The results of the study indicate that the principle of istishab can be applied to various forms of digital transactions. In e-commerce, istishab affirms the validity of online sales contracts as long as the pillars and conditions are met, despite the potential for gharar (unclear risk) due to unclear product descriptions. In digital wallets, istishab maintains balance ownership status until a legitimate deduction is proven, although gharar elements can arise from unclear fees or system disruptions. Meanwhile, in QRIS payments, transactions are considered valid as long as they are properly recorded and verified, although there is still a risk of gharar due to nominal errors, technical disruptions, or unclear transaction status.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Membaca Teks Naratif dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan Menggunakan Media Interaktif pada Peserta Didik Kelas III SD Negeri 1 Menteng
This study develops interactive media to improve narrative text skills in Indonesian language learning. This background includes improving the understanding of third-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Menteng regarding the use of prepositions. This can be proven in the first cycle there were 12 students who were able to achieve KKM 70. In the second cycle of learning activities, 66.7% or as many as 20 students reached KKM. It is proven that learning in the third cycle using interactive media can increase student learning activity and very significant learning achievement. The purpose of this study is to develop interactive learning media for reading narrative texts for third-grade students of SDN 1 Menteng and to determine the feasibility of the media and student responses after using interactive media. This research method uses the Classroom Action Method (CAR). This interactive media is declared effective in improving the ability to read narrative texts of third-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Menteng.
Analisis Yuridis Peranan Dissenting Opinion Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Kewenangan Menguji Undang Undang terhadap Undang Undang Dasar 1945
A judge's decision is a statement made by a judge as a state official with the authority to do so, pronounced at trial with the aim of ending or resolving a case between parties. Constitutional Court decisions recognize only three alternative rulings: granting, rejecting, and declaring inadmissible (Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard). When the conclusion of a minority judge differs from that of the majority on one of these three options, the differing minority opinion is called a dissenting opinion. This research aims to analyze, first, the role of dissenting opinions of Constitutional Court judges in the authority of judicial review of laws against the 1945 Constitution; and second, the legal impact of dissenting opinions on Constitutional Court decisions in the same authority. This study uses normative legal research, also known as doctrinal legal research, by relying on library materials as its primary basis. Data sources consist of secondary data including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively and descriptively. The results show that, first, dissenting opinions represent the essence of judges' personal freedom in finding material truth; although dissenting opinions are included in the verdict text, what is definitively applied remains the majority decision. Second, although dissenting opinions are recognized under Law Number 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power, they factually have no binding legal effect on the court decision concerned. Therefore, legal reform is needed to clarify the juridical function and status of dissenting opinions, including strengthening their role as a supporting source of law in the development of jurisprudence.
Implementasi Kewenangan KPP Pratama Tampan dalam Mencegah Wajib Pajak Melakukan Penghindaran Pajak di Pekanbaru
This research is motivated by the compliance level of Individual Taxpayers at the Pratama Tampan Tax Office (KPP) Pekanbaru, which still fluctuates from year to year, thus opening up opportunities for tax avoidance practices. The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of authority by KPP Pratama Tampan in preventing taxpayers from committing tax avoidance in Pekanbaru, the obstacles faced in the exercise of such authority, and the efforts that have been made to prevent tax avoidance in the city of Pekanbaru. This research uses a sociological legal research method with descriptive nature, conducted at the Pratama Tampan Tax Office Pekanbaru. The data sources consist of primary data obtained through interviews and observations, and secondary data sourced from laws and regulations, books, journals, and related documents. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and literature study, then analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results show that the implementation of authority of KPP Pratama Tampan is exercised through four instruments, namely services, compliance supervision, tax audits, and administrative law enforcement based on a compliance risk management approach. The obstacles faced include the limited number of Account Representatives and Tax Auditors, suboptimal data integration between institutions, low taxpayer awareness, regulatory complexity, and the prevalence of the underground economy sector. Prevention efforts are pursued through preventive and repressive measures, as well as modernization of the administration system through the Coretax Administration System.
Penggunaan Metode (PBL) Problem Based Learning pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 11 Langkai pada Materi Operasi Hitung Pecahan Guna Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
The main obstacles in learning mathematics among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 11 Langkai are the abstract nature of fraction concepts and the dominance of one-way teaching methods that limit student participation in the learning process. These conditions often make it difficult for students to understand and apply fraction arithmetic operations in various contexts, resulting in low learning outcomes and reduced motivation to learn mathematics. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in addressing these challenges and improving students’ understanding of fractions. The study was conducted through iterative cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. By presenting real-life problems as learning stimuli, the PBL model encourages students to think critically, collaborate with peers, and actively construct their own understanding of mathematical concepts. The implementation of this approach is expected to transform students’ learning habits from merely memorizing formulas to developing problem-solving skills. Furthermore, the study seeks to create a more participatory and interactive classroom environment while significantly improving students’ mastery of fraction arithmetic operations and overall mathematics achievement.​
Persepsi Siswa Kelas 5 terhadap Sikap Profesional Guru di SDN 11 Langkai
The professional attitude possessed by a teacher is one of the main determinants that greatly influences the success of the implementation of education, especially at the Elementary School level which serves as the initial foundation for character formation, mastery of knowledge, and development of various skills possessed by students. This study aims to describe and understand in depth the views of students towards the professional attitudes shown by teachers, which are seen and reviewed from four main aspects, namely the ability to carry out the learning process, attitudes and behaviors shown, relationships established with students, and a sense of responsibility in carrying out all the tasks and obligations they carry. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The research subjects numbered 12 students who were selected intentionally and adjusted to the research objectives, all of whom came from grade 5 at SDN 11 Langkai, Palangkaraya City. Data collection was conducted through three main methods, namely in-depth and targeted interviews, direct observations, and a review of various supporting documents deemed relevant, which were carried out from April to May 2026. All data that had been successfully collected were then analyzed through three stages, namely data simplification, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, as stated by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data obtained, the researcher implemented a method of checking the validity of the data through a comparison of various sources of information and different data collection methods. The results of the study showed that overall the views of 5th grade students towards the professional attitudes shown by the teachers were very positive. Most students assessed that the teachers were able to convey lesson materials very clearly, orderly, and easily understood, always behaved politely, honestly, and acted fairly without discriminating in the treatment of all students, were able to establish very close and trusting relationships, and had a very high level of sincerity and responsibility in carrying out all their duties. However, there are still some points that require attention, namely the speed of material delivery, which sometimes felt too fast, resulting in some students requiring additional explanations to fully understand the material. The results of this study are expected to serve as valuable input for teachers and school administrators as they strive to continuously improve the quality of their educational services.
Penerapan Media Simulasi Wokwi dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Sensor dan Transduser
Learning in the Sensor and Transducer course requires both conceptual understanding and practical experience. However, limitations in laboratory equipment, practice time, and operational costs often hinder the learning process. This study aimed to investigate the implementation of the Wokwi simulation platform in improving students’ learning outcomes in the Sensor and Transducer course. A quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design was employed involving students of the Electrical Engineering Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. Data were collected through learning achievement tests and student response questionnaires. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ average scores, increasing from 63.78 in the pretest to 94.72 in the posttest. Furthermore, questionnaire results indicated that students had highly positive perceptions of Wokwi as a learning medium due to its ease of use, interactive features, and ability to facilitate practical understanding of sensor concepts. Therefore, Wokwi is an effective technology-based learning medium for enhancing student learning outcomes in the Sensor and Transducer course.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (Tgt) Berbantuan Papan Pintar Pancasila terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas Iii di Sd Negeri 2 Dangin Puri
This study aims to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model assisted by the Papan Pintar Pancasila on the learning motivation of third-grade students in the Pendidikan Pancasila subject at SD Negeri 2 Dangin Puri. This research was motivated by the low level of students’ learning motivation, which was reflected in their lack of attention, concentration, and active participation during the learning process. The study employed a quantitative approach using a Quasi-Experimental Design with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. In addition, purposive sampling was used, with a population of 34 third-grade students consisting of an experimental class and a control class. Data collection techniques included questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using normality tests, homogeneity tests, N-Gain tests, and hypothesis testing through the Independent Sample t-test. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model assisted by the Papan Pintar Pancasila had a significant effect on students’ learning motivation. This was proven by the hypothesis test results, which indicated a significance value lower than 0.05. Furthermore, students’ learning motivation in the experimental class increased more significantly than in the control class after the treatment was administered. The TGT learning model was able to create an active, enjoyable, interactive, and competitive learning atmosphere, making students more enthusiastic and motivated in participating in Pendidikan Pancasila learning activities. Therefore, the TGT learning model assisted by the Papan Pintar Pancasila can be considered an innovative alternative for improving elementary school students’ learning motivation.
Dasar Pertimbangan Putusan Hakim terhadap Perkara Tindak Pidana dengan Gangguan Seksual di Indonesia
Exhibitionism is a paraphilia or sexual preference disorder characterized by the tendency to display one's genitals to others without consent. In Indonesia, criminal cases involving exhibitionism show disparities in court rulings. The Supreme Court Decision Number 865 K/Pid.Sus/2013 released the defendant from all charges, whereas the Singkawang District Court Decision Number 40/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Skw and the Kepahiang District Court Decision Number 26/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Kph imposed imprisonment. This disparity raises issues of legal certainty. This study aims to analyze the basis of judges’ considerations and the criminal liability of exhibitionism offenders in Indonesia. The research employs normative legal research with a descriptive approach. Data sources consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively using statute and case approaches. The results indicate that judges’ considerations are based on juridical and non-juridical factors. The Supreme Court emphasized substantive justice by applying Article 44 of the Old Criminal Code, while the District Courts prioritized legal certainty through Article 36 of Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography. Furthermore, criminal liability for exhibitionism offenders is governed by four legal bases still in force as of May 2026: Article 406 of the New Criminal Code, the Pornography Law, the Sexual Violence Crimes Law, and the Child Protection Law.
Strategi Komunikasi Internal dalam Transformasi Identitas Organisasi
Digital transformation has compelled media companies to reshape their business models, work culture, and organizational identity to remain relevant within algorithm-driven social media ecosystems. This study aims to analyse the internal communication strategies of PT Pantau Sumber Berita in managing its identity transformation from an online news portal into a digital platform-based content creator organization. The research employed a qualitative single case study approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, observation, and internal document analysis. The findings reveal that successful transformation was determined by the effectiveness of internal communication across three stages of organizational change: unfreezing, through building urgency and deconstructing the previous journalistic identity; moving, through sense-giving, dialogic communication, and work culture adaptation; and refreezing, through the institutionalization of a new identity based on KPI systems,,. Furthermore, the study identifies resistance rooted in identity ambiguity, increased workload, and the inherent tension between journalistic depth and algorithmic demands for brevity and engagement,,. The implications suggest that internal communication serves as a core strategic mechanism in media transformation by functioning as an arena for identity negotiation and sustainable cultural reconstruction.
Framing Media dan Bias Gender dalam Fenomena Pelakor dan Mokondo
Mass media and digital media play a strategic role in shaping public understanding of social issues, including gender relations. The phenomena of the terms pvvMass media and digital media play a strategic role in shaping public understanding of social issues, including gender relations. The phenomena of the terms pelakor (woman who steals another woman's husband) and mokondo (slang term representing men without contribution in a relationship) have become popular discourses in Indonesian digital media. However, media representation of these two terms reveals significant gender disparities. This study aims to analyze media framing and gender bias in the representation of the pelakor and mokondo phenomena through a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach from a communication science perspective. The research method used is qualitative with Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis model combined with Robert N. Entman’s framing theory. Research data consists of 4 purposively selected online news articles verified with valid URLs from major Indonesian digital media platforms (Detik.com, Kompas.com, and Tribunnews.com) in the period 2025–2026. The results show that media tends to reproduce patriarchal ideology and gender bias through unbalanced labeling and narrative construction, where women are more frequently positioned as moral subjects to be blamed in pelakor cases, while the term mokondo constructs certain stereotypes toward men in personal relationships without equivalent moral sanction. These discursive practices reinforce gender representation inequality in media. These findings offer new contributions to framing and gender studies in Indonesia by expanding the focus on the pelakor–mokondo phenomenon as a form of symbolic violence in mass communication, and underscore the urgency of gender-sensitive perspectives in journalistic practice. representation of these two terms reveals significant gender disparities. This study aims to analyze media framing and gender bias in the representation of the pelakor and mokondo phenomena through a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach from a communication science perspective. The research method used is qualitative with Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis model combined with Robert N. Entman’s framing theory. Research data consists of 4 purposively selected online news articles verified with valid URLs from major Indonesian digital media platforms (Detik.com, Kompas.com, and Tribunnews.com) in the period 2025–2026. The results show that media tends to reproduce patriarchal ideology and gender bias through unbalanced labeling and narrative construction, where women are more frequently positioned as moral subjects to be blamed in pelakor cases, while the term mokondo constructs certain stereotypes toward men in personal relationships without equivalent moral sanction. These discursive practices reinforce gender representation inequality in media. These findings offer new contributions to framing and gender studies in Indonesia by expanding the focus on the pelakor–mokondo phenomenon as a form of symbolic violence in mass communication, and underscore the urgency of gender-sensitive perspectives in journalistic practice.
Kepercayaan Antarbudaya di Era Geo-Sibernetik
In the geo-cybernetic era, cross-cultural digital interactions form the foundation of trust building in remote professional collaboration. Virtual assistants serving international clients through digital platforms represent complex intercultural communication practices. Differences in context, communication styles, and expectations may trigger miscommunication and erode trust. This study aims to examine how virtual assistants construct intercultural trust in professional communication practices with international clients. It is grounded in Hall's high-context versus low-context culture theory, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, Spitzberg and Changnon's intercultural communication competence, Ting-Toomey's Face-Negotiation Theory, and the contemporary digital trust framework. This research employs a constructivist paradigm, qualitative approach, and descriptive analysis method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with five experienced Indonesian virtual assistants, and document analysis. Data were thematically analyzed to identify communication strategies, adaptation mechanisms, and the role of platform transparency in trust formation. Intercoder reliability was established using two independent coders, yielding Cohen's Kappa κ = 0.98, Krippendorff's Alpha α = 0.98, and Percentage Agreement = 98.7%. The results indicate that higher levels of cultural intelligence, the ability to maintain clients' face, the use of context-sensitive phrasing, explicit clarification routines, and the selection of appropriate communication media enhance communication effectiveness and trust perception. Platform attributes moderate this relationship by reinforcing trust. These findings are consistent with Hall's framework and contemporary digital trust models emphasizing system transparency and reliability.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Murid (LKM) Berbasis Deep Learning pada Materi Tumbuhan dalam Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Kreatif Kraksaan
The goal of this project is to create valid, useful, and efficient Student Worksheets (LKM) based on Deep Learning for fourth-grade elementary school students studying plant material in science and environmental studies (IPAS). This study use both the Research and Development (R&D) technique and the ADDIE paradigm, which consists of the phases of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This study focuses on fourth-grade pupils at SD Muhammadiyah Kreatif Kraksaan. Data gathering techniques include observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, student response surveys, pretests, and posttests. The results of the study show that the Deep Learning-based LKM generated satisfies the requirements of being extremely valid, useful, and successful when used in learning. In the meantime, the media expert validation yielded a percentage of 90%, while the content expert validation yielded a percentage of 82.5% with a very good category. The product's practicality level received a score of 97.5% in the extremely practical area of the student response questionnaire. With an average pretest score of 63.92 and a posttest score of 91.25, students' learning outcomes have improved, indicating the product's usefulness. Deep Learning-based Worksheets (LKM), which incorporate the ideas of meaningful learning, mindful learning, and joyful learning, enhanced students' active engagement in the learning process. Through contextual and Deep Learning-based learning exercises, students can develop a deeper comprehension of the concepts of plant parts and functions. Based on the results of this study, deep learning-based LKM is deemed valid, useful, and efficient, making it appropriate for use as an alternate learning resource in primary school IPAS instruction.
Analisis Etika Komunikasi Guru dalam Interaksi Pembelajaran di Kelas 1 SD N 11 Palangka
This study aims to determine the communication ethics of teachers in learning interactions in grade 1 of Palangka State Elementary School 11. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations. The resource person in this study was a grade 1 teacher of Palangka State Elementary School 11, namely Mrs. Franciska Julia. The results of the study indicate that teacher communication ethics have an important role in creating effective and comfortable learning for students. Teachers implement good communication through the use of polite language, two-way communication, providing opportunities for students to express opinions, the ability to understand student characters, and emotional control in dealing with various situations in the classroom. In addition, teachers also face several communication barriers, such as the use of language that students do not understand and the influence of digitalization developments on student behavior. In overcoming these obstacles, teachers use a patient, simple, and communicative approach so that students can understand the learning well. This study shows that teacher communication ethics greatly influences learning comfort, character formation, and student learning success in elementary schools.
Analisis Yuridis Larangan Perkawinan Semarga dalam Adat Karo terhadap Hukum Perkawinan
This study aims to determine the knowledge of the prohibition of marriage between clans in Karo customary law and to determine the suitability of this prohibition with national marriage law in Indonesia. The type of research uses normative legal research which is descriptive-prescriptive in nature. The type of approach used is the approach of legislation and customary law provisions. The technique of collecting legal materials in this study is the legal material analysis technique. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis. Based on this study it can be seen that (1) The Regulation of the Prohibition of Marriage Between Clans in Karo Customary Law is based on a patrilineal kinship system that places merga as the main identity, so that marriage between clans is considered to violate customary norms and is subject to social and customary sanctions. (2) The suitability of the prohibition on marriages based on the same surname in Karo Custom with National Marriage Law in Indonesia, shows that normatively there is no explicit prohibition in positive law as long as it does not violate the provisions on blood relations as regulated in statutory regulations, however national law still provides space for recognition of customary law, so that harmonization is needed to guarantee legal certainty and protection of the cultural values of indigenous communities.
Analisis Campur Kode Pada Tayangan Video Ulasan Makanan Di Konten Tiktok @Farida.Nurhan: Kajian Sosiolinguistik
This study aims to describe the forms of code-mixing and to identify the factors causing its occurrence in food review videos on the TikTok account @farida.nurhan. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using qualitative content analysis as its method. Data were collected from eight food review videos uploaded during January–March 2026 through listening and note-taking techniques. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles et al. (2014), comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The theoretical framework applied was Suandi's classification of code-mixing types (in Tyas et al., 2023) and Suwito's (1985) theory of code-mixing forms. The findings identified 36 instances of code-mixing distributed across three types: outer code mixing (26 data, 72.2%), inner code mixing (8 data, 22.2%), and hybrid code mixing (2 data, 5.6%). The forms of code-mixing found include words, phrases, hybrid words (baster), reduplicated words, idioms, and clauses. The factors contributing to code-mixing include: (1) the speaker's cultural background, (2) the use of terminology more popular among young audiences, (3) informal and spontaneous speech situations, (4) the speaker's desire to explain and interpret messages to the audience, and (5) the heterogeneous characteristics of the interlocutors. This study affirms that code-mixing in Farida Nurhan's speech is not merely an incidental linguistic variation, but rather a reflection of the speaker's socio-cultural identity and an effective communication strategy for reaching a diverse audience in the digital age.
Profesionalisme Guru dalam Penilaian Autentik pada Pembelajaran Guru di SDN 5 Menteng Kota Palangka Raya
Teacher professionalism is a core pillar in the successful implementation of authentic assessment in elementary schools. This study aims to describe and analyze teacher professionalism in designing, implementing, evaluating, and following up on authentic assessments in student learning at SDN 5 Menteng, Palangka Raya City. The approach used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive method. Primary data were obtained from the fifth-grade teacher, while secondary data were sourced from official school documents. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation, which were subsequently analyzed through data reduction, data display, and verification stages. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Teachers possess professional competence in designing authentic assessments, as evidenced by the availability of lesson modules/lesson plans (RPP) equipped with attitude, knowledge, and skill instruments, despite facing challenges in constructing assessment rubrics; (2) The implementation of authentic assessment is actively carried out and positively impacts student participation, but its execution remains suboptimal due to limited time, complex administration, and large class sizes; (3) Teachers demonstrate professional attitudes in evaluation and follow-up activities by providing remedial teaching, enrichment, and instructional reflection, although further competence enhancement in utilizing digital technology for grading is still required. This study concludes that enhancing professionalism through continuous training is highly necessary to overcome administrative and technical constraints for achieving optimal learning quality.
Pengaruh Slang TikTok terhadap Penggunan Bahasa Indonesia Dikalangan Remaja
This study examines the influence of TikTok slang on the use of the Indonesian language among teenagers in the contemporary social media era. The rapid expansion of TikTok as a widely used digital platform has contributed to the emergence and dissemination of new linguistic variations that are frequently adopted in everyday communication. The objective of this research is to identify how TikTok slang affects teenagers’ language use, particularly in terms of vocabulary and structure. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation and questionnaires administered to active teenage TikTok users. The data are analyzed through stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to ensure systematic interpretation. The findings reveal that TikTok slang significantly shapes teenagers’ communication patterns, as they tend to incorporate slang expressions into both informal interactions and, to some extent, formal contexts, leading to a shift from standard Indonesian language norms. However, the use of slang also offers positive implications, including the enhancement of linguistic creativity and the development of social identity among teenagers. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of fostering language awareness to encourage the appropriate and context-sensitive use of Indonesian in accordance with established linguistic standards.
Kritik Kemanusiaan Sebagai Kekerasan Struktural: Rekonstruksi Filsafat Perdamian Johan Galtung Dalam Horizon Positive Peace
Contemporary humanitarian crises can no longer be understood merely as the result of physical violence or natural disasters, but rather as manifestations of systemic injustices embedded within social, economic, and political structures. This study aims to analyze humanitarian crises through Johan Galtung’s concept of structural violence and to reconstruct his philosophy of peace within the horizon of positive peace. Employing a qualitative approach with a critical-philosophical library research method, the study utilizes hermeneutic and critical-interpretative analysis of Galtung’s major works, particularly his concepts of structural violence, cultural violence, and positive peace, as well as their relevance to contemporary social realities. The findings reveal that humanitarian crises are rooted in structural mechanisms that systematically hinder the realization of human potential through economic inequality, social marginalization, administrative exclusion, and culturally legitimized discriminatory practices. The study further demonstrates that the notion of negative peace, understood merely as the absence of armed conflict, is insufficient to explain the persistent and latent forms of human suffering. Consequently, the reconstruction of Galtung’s philosophy of peace points toward an understanding of positive peace as a condition characterized by social justice, equitable distribution of resources, recognition of human dignity, and sustainable structural and cultural transformation. This article therefore offers a critical interpretation of the relationship between humanitarian crises and structural violence while reaffirming the relevance of Galtung’s philosophy of peace for fostering a more just, inclusive, and humane social order.
Karakteristik Konten Digital yang Mempengaruhi Ketertarikan Konsumen Gen Z terhadap Produk Skincare Lokal di Indonesia
This study aims to thoroughly investigate the digital content characteristics that influence Generation Z consumers' interest in local skincare products in Indonesia. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through an online Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving 11 Generation Z participants aged 17–28 who are active social media users. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis. Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the findings reveal that Generation Z's initial attraction is heavily triggered via the peripheral route by visually aesthetic elements, engaging video editing, interactive formats, and social proof such as video virality and online engagement. However, this immediate attention is further processed and sustained through the central route as consumers critically evaluate substantive information, specifically product ingredients, benefits, safety certifications, and authentic, unbiased reviews. The study demonstrates that Gen Z exhibits high skepticism toward over-commercialized influencer endorsements, actively shifting their trust toward authentic user-generated content and relatable narratives. The practical implications suggest that local skincare brands must strategically balance peripheral aesthetic cues with transparent, high-quality information arguments in their digital marketing communication to effectively capture and maintain Gen Z's attention.
Exploring Teacher Strategies in Using Flashcards to Teach English Vocabulary in an Inclusive Classroom at Singaraja Montessori School
This study explores teachers’ strategies in using flashcards to teach English vocabulary in an inclusive Montessori-based classroom at the Singaraja Montessori School in Buleleng, Bali. This study employs a qualitative approach with a basic qualitative research design. Data were collected through classroom observations conducted on February 23, February 27, March 3, and March 6, 2026; in-depth interviews with two English teachers conducted on March 16, 2026; and analysis of documents, including Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), flashcards, and worksheets. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, and data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources and techniques. The findings indicate that the teachers implemented six interrelated strategies: drill-based, game-based, peer-teaching, questioning, worksheet-based, and multimodal teaching. These strategies were systematically combined in each lesson and aligned with Montessori principles, namely learning at one’s own pace, freedom within certain limits, mixed-age classes, the teacher as a guide, a prepared environment, and sensory-based learning. Teachers also faced four main challenges: student diversity, supporting students with special needs, classroom management, and instructional differentiation. These findings confirm that the effective use of flashcards in teaching English vocabulary in an inclusive Montessori classroom requires teachers to thoughtfully integrate differentiated instruction with Montessori principles in every learning activity.
Peran Job Demands dan Work-Life Balance Terhadap Work Engagement pada Karyawan Operasional Kontraktor Pertambangan Batubara
This article aims to synthesize empirical evidence regarding the relationship between Job demands and work-life balance on work engagement among operational employees in coal mining contractor industries through a systematic literature review (SLR). The issue focuses on high work demands, roster systems, production targets, and occupational safety risks that potentially affect employee engagement in mining operations. This study adopts the Job demands-Resources Model (Demerouti et al., 2001) and Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, 1989) as theoretical frameworks. Data were collected through searches in five electronic databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Portal Garuda using the PRISMA protocol. Of 356 identified articles, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria after quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and CASP checklist. The review concludes that Job demands tend to negatively affect work engagement , particularly when workload, time pressure, fatigue, and occupational risks are not balanced with adequate job resources. Conversely, work-life balance is positively associated with work engagement , psychological wellbeing, and job satisfaction. Literature synthesis also indicates that excessive Job demands without sufficient work resources increase emotional exhaustion and reduce employee vigor and dedication. However, most studies employed cross-sectional designs, limiting causal interpretation. Furthermore, studies simultaneously examining Job demands, work-life balance, and work engagement within the Indonesian coal mining contractor context remain very limited. These findings highlight the importance of managing work demands and work-life balance to improve employee engagement in mining operational settings.
Tantangan Penegakan Hukum terhadap Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence dalam Tindak Pidana Siber di Indonesia
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to various aspects of life; however, it has also increased the potential misuse of technology in cybercrime activities. The misuse of AI in the forms of deepfake, voice cloning, AI phishing, digital identity manipulation, and disinformation has created new challenges for law enforcement systems in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing the misuse of Artificial Intelligence in cybercrime, identify the challenges faced in law enforcement, and examine efforts to optimize law enforcement in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s legal framework still relies on the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), the Criminal Code (KUHP), and the Personal Data Protection Law, which do not specifically regulate AI misuse in cybercrime. The main law enforcement challenges include regulatory limitations, difficulties in digital evidence verification, limited law enforcement capacity, cross-border cybercrime jurisdiction, and low public digital literacy. Therefore, legal reform, strengthening law enforcement capacity, developing digital forensics, enhancing international cooperation, and increasing public digital education are necessary to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement against the misuse of Artificial Intelligence in cybercrime in Indonesia.
Analisis Strategi Pemerintah dalam Membangun Pola Interaksi Digital yang Sehat Guna Mengatasi Fenomena FOMO di Media Sosial
This study aims to assess the approach taken by the Indonesian government in fostering positive digital interactions to address the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) on social media platforms. The research employs a qualitative methodology by examining various sources, including academic articles, books, institutional reports, and relevant policy documents. The analysis was conducted using the policy implementation framework proposed by George C. Edwards III, which encompasses communicative aspects, resources, dispositions, and bureaucratic structures. The results of this study indicate that the government has implemented several initiatives through digital literacy programs, regulatory improvements in the digital space, and outreach efforts promoting responsible social media use. However, the implementation of these policies still faces various challenges, including a lack of attention to issues of digital mental health and FOMO in digital literacy programs, resource constraints, and suboptimal inter-sectoral coordination. This study also found that FOMO is influenced not only by individual factors but also by social media features that encourage constant connection and the pursuit of social validation. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance digital literacy integrated with education on digital mental health and the application of digital well-being principles to ensure that digital interactions become healthier, more balanced, and sustainable.
Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Penggunaan ChatGPT dalam Pencarian Informasi
The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has transformed how university students search for, access, and manage academic information. ChatGPT, as one of the most widely used large language model applications, provides instant access to explanations, ideas, and academic support. This study aims to explore Library and Information Science students’ perceptions of ChatGPT in information-seeking activities, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and factors influencing its adoption. A qualitative case study design was used. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with ten purposively selected students who had experience using ChatGPT for academic purposes. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns in students’ experiences and attitudes. The findings show that students perceive ChatGPT as highly useful due to its speed, accessibility, and ability to simplify complex information. It helps them save time, generate ideas, clarify difficult concepts, and support academic tasks. However, students also express concerns about inaccurate information, lack of source transparency, overreliance on AI, and academic integrity issues. Adoption of ChatGPT is influenced by perceived usefulness, ease of use, technological familiarity, and peer or academic environment influences.In conclusion, ChatGPT is considered an effective academic support tool, but its use must be balanced with strong information literacy, critical thinking, and source verification to ensure accuracy and ethical academic practice.
Strategi Engagement Media Sosial pada Industri Layanan Antar Makanan Online di Indonesia
The rapid growth of online food delivery services in Indonesia has encouraged food delivery companies to utilize social media as a strategy for digital communication and consumer engagement. This study aims to analyze the social media engagement strategies implemented by ShopeeFood, GrabFood, and GoFood in building relationships with digital audiences. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using the documentary review method through social media observations conducted over 14 days, from November 26 to December 9, 2025. Data were collected through non-participant observation, digital documentation, screen recordings, and engagement tracking on Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and X platforms. The findings show that ShopeeFood applies a hard-selling strategy based on promotions and discounts with a high posting intensity, resulting in rapid and broad engagement. GrabFood predominantly utilizes storytelling and soft-selling approaches through daily-life narratives and influencers to create emotional connections with consumers. Meanwhile, GoFood adopts situational and humorous communication strategies but demonstrates lower posting intensity and engagement compared to its competitors. This study reveals that social media engagement strategies in the online food delivery industry are not solely transaction-oriented but also emphasize the formation of symbolic and emotional relationships through digital storytelling. These findings indicate the importance of digital public relations communication in maintaining consumer attention and loyalty in the platform-based digital era.
Survei Tingkat Pengetahuan, Pengalaman dan Sikap Civitas Akademik Universitas Faletehan terhadap Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual (Satgas PPKS)
Sexual violence in higher education remains a serious issue that requires comprehensive prevention and effective institutional responses to ensure a safe and inclusive academic environment. As part of its commitment to implementing the mandate of the Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation (Permendikbud) No. 30 of 2021, Faletehan University has established the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence (Satgas PPKS). This study aims to examine the level of knowledge, experience, and attitudes of lecturers and educational staff toward the Satgas PPKS. The study employed a descriptive survey method by distributing questionnaires through Google Forms. A total of 23 lecturers and educational staff participated in the survey. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to describe respondents’ understanding and perceptions of the role and function of the task force. The results indicate that the majority of respondents (86%) demonstrated a good level of knowledge and positive attitudes toward the Satgas PPKS, as reflected in high assessment scores ranging from 175 to 200 points. Nevertheless, a small proportion of respondents still obtained relatively low scores, indicating limited understanding of the task force’s duties and functions. These findings suggest that the Satgas PPKS has been widely recognized within the university community. However, continuous education, socialization, and capacity-building programs are still needed to strengthen awareness and ensure a more comprehensive understanding among all members of the academic community regarding the prevention and handling of sexual violence.
Dari Konten ke Konsumsi: Studi Tentang Dominasi Influencer Fashion TikTok dalam Membentuk Habitus Mahasiswa
TikTok, as a social media platform, is not only entertaining but also influences the way students dress and consume through the dominance of fashion influencer content. Students, as active digital consumers, tend to be repeatedly exposed to visual and narrative messages, which then cross the line between real needs and the idealized image displayed on social media. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the dominance of TikTok fashion influencers restructures students' consumptive choices through the process of forming a new habitus. The method used is a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore the subjective experiences of informants from students at Palangka Raya University who were selected purposively. Data collection techniques included non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, while data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model. The results show that fashion influencer content has transformed into a primary lifestyle reference that shapes students' tastes and social identities. Based on Jean Baudrillard's theory of simulation, simulacra, and hyperreality, it was found that students are trapped in a simulated space where the "cool" image produced by influencers is considered an absolute reality that must be pursued. This consumptive habitus is formed not because of the product's use value, but because of its sign value to maintain self-image and remain relevant in digital trends. This dominance creates consumer behavior among students where students continue to update their clothing styles to fulfill the identity desires constructed by social media.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Penyampaian Pelaporan Notaris Berbasis Digital dalam Mendukung Majelis Pengawas Daerah di Provinsi Gorontalo
The background of this research is driven by the inefficiencies of the manual notary supervision and reporting system, which prompted a digitalization innovation through the SENORITA application by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Gorontalo Province. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital-based notary reporting in enhancing the performance of the Regional Supervisory Council (MPD) in Gorontalo Province. The method employed is empirical legal research using a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), utilizing primary data collection instruments through interviews and observations, supported by secondary data. The findings indicate that the implementation of the SENORITA application has yielded positive impacts, including reporting time efficiency, improved notary discipline, and facilitated direct monitoring by the MPD. Nevertheless, its implementation still encounters obstacles such as unstable internet network infrastructure, technical glitches within the application, limited digital literacy among users, and the absence of specific regulations governing electronic reporting. The implications of this study underscore the need for comprehensive improvements, encompassing the enhancement of technological infrastructure, the development of system stability, the strengthening of legal frameworks, and continuous socialization, to ensure that the digital transformation in notarial administrative governance operates optimally.
Tinjauan Pustaka tentang Pembelajaran STEAM di Era Pendidikan Modern
The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math) approach has emerged as an innovation in modern education to develop 21st-century skills such as creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving. Integrating art into STEM aims to enhance student motivation and engagement in the learning process. This study seeks to analyze the implementation of STEAM in elementary schools, identify challenges encountered, and propose necessary innovations to create relevant and effective learning experiences. Using a literature review method on 10 recent academic articles, it was found that STEAM implementation faces various obstacles, including insufficient teacher training, inadequate facilities, and a curriculum that lacks interdisciplinary integration. Nonetheless, the STEAM approach has proven to improve students' creativity, technological proficiency, and collaboration skills. To ensure successful implementation, intensive teacher training programs, enhanced educational facilities, and revised curricula that support interdisciplinary approaches are essential. With these strategic measures, STEAM holds great potential to foster innovative and globally competent future generations.
Efektivitas Evaluasi Administrasi Pendidikan dalam Mendukung Pelayanan Masyarakat
This study aims to examine the role of educational administration evaluation in improving the quality of academic services in schools. This study applies a qualitative approach based on a literature review sourced from various national and international journals, reference books, and the results of relevant previous studies. The analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques, with the stages of identifying, grouping, and interpreting findings from the reviewed literature. The research findings reveal that educational administration evaluation plays a crucial role in improving the quality of school governance, particularly in the dimensions of planning, implementation, and administrative oversight. Structured and consistent evaluation allows for the identification of weaknesses in the administrative system and serves as a foundation for improving academic services. Furthermore, the effectiveness of evaluation is determined by several factors, including the competence of administrative staff, the commitment of the principal, the adequacy of facilities and infrastructure, and the application of information technology. These factors simultaneously contribute to the quality of academic services in schools. Therefore, an effective educational administration evaluation will promote administrative work efficiency and strengthen the delivery of more optimal and high-quality academic services in the school environment.
Efek Heroism dalam Komunikasi Politik: Konstruksi Citra Aktor Politik Melalui Insiden Berisiko Tinggi di Wilayah Konflik Kepentingan
This study examines the effect of heroism in political communication as a strategy for constructing the image of political actors through high-risk incidents in areas of conflicting interests within the framework of international security studies. Political heroism is utilized to build legitimacy, strengthen political influence, and shape public perceptions of state and non-state actors amid conflicts, wars, and security crises. Using a qualitative approach through literature review and political communication analysis, this research explores how mass media and public diplomacy contribute to the formation of narratives of courage, leadership, and sacrifice attached to certain political figures. The findings indicate that the construction of a heroic image can enhance political support and legitimize power at both domestic and international levels, particularly in issues related to national security and geopolitical conflicts. However, the strategy of heroism also has the potential to manipulate public opinion, intensify excessive nationalism, and legitimize controversial political actions within international relations. Therefore, heroism in political communication functions as a strategic instrument that significantly influences the dynamics of global security and political stability.
Keterwakilan Perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Lampung Barat Berdasarkan Praktik Affirmative Action dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilu
Elections are a significant event that demonstrates the independence of inclusive democracy within Indonesia’s political institutions. The practice of women’s participation has not been fully realized due to the sector’s consistent male dominance. The 30% quota established by Law No. 15 of 2011, Article 6, Paragraph (5), has not been met; political parties’ compliance with the quota remains merely a formality. If this quota is not met, the General Elections Commission (KPU) will declare the political party ineligible, meaning they cannot compete in the general election. This study aims to analyze the political representation of women in the West Lampung Regency Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD) during the 2014–2024 elections regarding compliance with the 30% quota for women’s representation. The approach in this legal study is normative. Data collection techniques include literature review and interviews. The data obtained were then processed systematically and qualitatively. The results of this study found that the dynamics of women’s representation in the West Lampung Regional Legislative Council (DPRD) during the 2014, 2019, and 2024 elections indicate that women’s representation remains unstable and has not yet reached the ideal 30% quota; in the 2019 election, there was an increase in the number of female DPRD members compared to the 2014 period, but in the 2024 election, that number declined again to 17.14%.
Disharmonisasi Pengaturan Alat Bukti Digital Dalam UU ITE dan UU Pemilu Pada Penanganan Pelanggaran Pemilu
The rapid development of information technology and the intensification of political activity in digital spaces during the 2024 elections have given rise to new forms of electoral violations that require digital evidence-based proof. However, the regulation of digital evidence in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Election Law remains unsynchronized, creating normative disharmony in the handling of electoral violations. This study aims to analyze the forms of disharmony in the regulation of digital evidence and its implications for the process and outcome of electoral violation handling. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, with descriptive-analytical analysis. The findings show that the Electronic Information and Transactions Law explicitly recognizes electronic information and/or documents as valid evidence, whereas the Election Law does not regulate them clearly. This condition leads to differing evidentiary standards, divergent interpretations among law enforcement officers, and legal uncertainty. Consequently, regulatory harmonization is needed so that digital evidence in electoral violation handling can be applied more certainly, effectively, and fairly.
Fungsi Badan Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (Satpol PP) dalam Penertiban Pedagang Kaki Lima di Pasar Inpres Ruteng
Violations of public order have increasingly become a significant concern, particularly the misuse of public facilities by street vendors (Pedagang Kaki Lima/PKL), which has contributed to waste accumulation, disorderly urban environments, and disruptions to road users. This study employed an empirical legal research method using socio-legal and conceptual approaches. Primary data were collected through interviews and direct observations conducted in Pitak Village, Langke Rembong District, Manggarai Regency, while secondary data were obtained from literature reviews and legal documents. The data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal issues under investigation. The findings reveal that: (1) the Municipal Police Unit (Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja/Satpol PP) of Manggarai Regency has effectively carried out its statutory functions in controlling street vendors at Ruteng Inpres Market through the enforcement of regional regulations, coordination with relevant government agencies, and supervision of public compliance with public order regulations; and (2) the implementation of these functions is constrained by internal factors, including the limited number of personnel, varying educational qualifications, and insufficient operational funding, as well as external factors, particularly the low level of legal awareness and compliance among street vendors regarding existing regulations.
Pengaruh Kemandirian Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Setingkat SMP
The dynamics of contemporary education are characterized by digital transformation that changes learning methodologies as well as the challenges of disparity in access to education in various regions. In this context, learning independence is an important factor that affects students' academic achievement. This study aims to analyze the relationship between learning independence and student learning outcomes at the junior high school (SMP) level. The method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, through the review of scientific journals, articles, and relevant online sources. The analysis was carried out descriptively to identify the pattern of relationships between variables. The results of the study show that the level of learning independence has a significant effect on students' academic achievement. Students with strong independence tend to have higher intrinsic motivation, the ability to manage time, and effective learning strategies, thus having an impact on improving learning outcomes. In contrast, low learning independence often hinders optimal academic achievement. These findings confirm that strengthening learning independence needs to be a focus in education strategies, especially in the digital era which demands quick adaptation and flexibility. The implications of this research contribute to the development of educational policies that support independent learning as the main pillar of improving the academic quality of junior high school students.
Dampak Peningkatan Nilai Jual Objek Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Manggarai Barat
Land and Building Tax for Rural and Urban Areas (PBB-P2) constitutes one of the primary sources of local revenue used to strengthen regional fiscal capacity. In 2022, the Government of West Manggarai Regency issued Regent Decree Number 269/KEP/HK/2022 to increase the Sales Value of Taxable Objects (NJOP) in response to the rapid rise in land and property values driven by tourism development in Labuan Bajo as a Super Priority Tourism Destination. While the policy aimed to optimize Regional Original Revenue (PAD), it also generated public objections due to the increased tax burden and higher fees associated with land and building transactions. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the determination of PBB-P2 NJOP and examine its impact on PAD in West Manggarai Regency. The research employed an empirical juridical method using a socio-legal approach. Primary data were collected through field research at the Regional Revenue Agency, Labuan Bajo Urban Village, Batu Cermin Village, and Wae Kelambu Urban Village, while secondary data were obtained through literature and regulatory reviews. The findings indicate that NJOP determination is influenced by physical characteristics of land and buildings, property location, accessibility, public infrastructure, proximity to economic centers, and market value growth driven by tourism. The increase in NJOP contributed to higher PBB-P2 revenue and strengthened PAD. However, the policy also produced social implications, indicating the need to balance fiscal optimization with fairness and taxpayers' economic capacity.
Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Manggarai Timur Nomor 6 Tahun 2012 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Tahun 2011-2031
The mangrove forest area in Kota Ndora Village, Borong District, East Manggarai Regency has experienced significant deterioration of public facilities, indicating a gap between the implementation of spatial planning policies and field conditions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of East Manggarai Regency Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2012 concerning the 2011–2031 Regional Spatial Plan in maintaining mangrove forest facilities and to identify the factors influencing its implementation. The research employed a normative legal approach supported by empirical (socio-legal) research. Data were collected through field observations, document analysis, and in-depth interviews with representatives of the Environmental Agency, Regional House of Representatives (DPRD), Kota Ndora Village Government, and community leaders. The data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Regional Regulation has not been effective, as reflected by the discrepancy between budget allocation and the physical condition of the facilities. The main constraints include weak asset management, limited budget allocation for maintenance, delays in regulatory revision, and low public legal awareness. Strengthening institutional coordination, improving budget priorities, and encouraging community participation are essential to achieving sustainable mangrove conservation and spatial planning.