Kedudukan Anak Kandung Non-Muslim dalam Menyelesaikan Hutang Almarhum Orang Tua Kandungnya yang Beragama Islam melalui Mediasi: Studi Putusan Perkara Nomor 5874/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Sby
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58192/sidu.v5i1.4237Keywords:
Decedent’s Debt, Islamic Inheritance, Legal Status, Mediation, Non-Muslim Biological ChildAbstract
This study is grounded in the fact that, under Islamic law, death does not merely result in the transfer of property rights but also leaves legal obligations, particularly the settlement of debts, which must be fulfilled before the distribution of the estate. The issue becomes more complex when a biological child who is non-Muslim is involved in settling the debts of a deceased Muslim parent, especially through court-annexed mediation in the Religious Court. The central legal problem of this study lies in clarifying the boundary between the status of a faraidh heir and the capacity of a party who has a legal interest in resolving the deceased’s debts. This research aims to analyze the legal position of a non-Muslim biological child within the Islamic inheritance system, to explain that child’s position in the settlement of a Muslim decedent’s debts, and to examine the function of mediation in Case Number 5874/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Sby. The study employs normative legal research with a prescriptive-analytical character and a case-based library research design. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, analyzed through statutory, case, conceptual, and Islamic normative approaches. The findings show that a non-Muslim biological child cannot be classified as a faraidh heir because religious difference constitutes a barrier to inheritance. However, such a child may be involved in debt settlement through civil legal capacity and a valid peace agreement. Thus, mediation does not alter inheritance status, but functions as a lawful mechanism for peaceful dispute resolution within the framework of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law
References
Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī. (2008). English translation of Sunan Abī Dāwūd (1st ed.). Darussalam.
Al-Kāsānī, A. al-D. A. B. ibn M. (1986). Badā'i' al-ṣanā'i' fī tartīb al-sharā'i' (2nd ed.). Dār al-Kutub al-'Arabī.
Al-Nawawī, Y. ibn S. (1996). Al-Majmū' sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Sarakhsī, M. ibn A. (n.d.). Al-Mabsūṭ. Dār al-Ma'rifah.
Al-Shirbīnī, M. al-K. (1994). Mughnī al-muḥtāj ilā ma'rifat ma'ānī alfāẓ al-Minhāj. Dār al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah.
Djawas, M., Hasballah, K., Devy, S., Kadir, M. A., & Abda, Y. (2022). The construction of Islamic inheritance law: A comparative study of the Islamic jurisprudence and the Compilation of Islamic Law. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 21(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.7495
Fahimah, I., Suwarjin, S., Gusmansyah, W., Zubaedi, Z., & Jayusman, J. (2024). Interfaith inheritance in Muslim families in Indonesia: Practices, philosophy, and the direction of national inheritance law development. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 24(2), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v24i2.40907
Fawzi, R., Rojak, E. A., Mujahid, I., & Sahid, M. M. (2024). Legal discovery method for non-Muslim heirs as recipients of wasiat wajibah. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 22(1), 163–190. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v22i1_6
Hakim, M. L. (2024). Between hibah and waṣiat wājibah for non-Muslims: Expansive legal interpretations by Indonesian religious judges in inheritance cases. Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 17(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2024.17201
Hayati, R. F., Busyro, B., & Bustamar, B. (2021). Mediation effectiveness in sharia economic dispute settlement: Phenomenology in Bukittinggi Religious Court. Al-Hurriyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 6(1), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.30983/alhurriyah.v6i1.4097
Ibn Qudāmah, M. al-D. A. ibn A. (1997). Al-Mughnī (3rd ed.). Dār 'Ālam al-Kutub.
Ibn Rushd, M. ibn A. (n.d.). Bidāyat al-mujtahid wa nihāyat al-muqtaṣid.
Ideham, W. (2022). Substitute heirs in the Compilation of Islamic Law: An overview from gender equality perspective case study of the Religious Courts in Banjarmasin. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 6(2), 1046–1064. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.12466
Karmawan, K., & Abdillah, M. (2020). Settlement through mediation between the normative and practice in religious judiciary agencies. Jurnal Cita Hukum, 8(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i1.15002
Khosyi'ah, S., & Rusyana, A. Y. (2022). Inheritance settlement of descendants of children and siblings in Islamic law with local wisdom in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), Article 2126615. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2126615
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (1998). Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 368 K/Ag/1995.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2008). Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 tentang Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2010). Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 K/Ag/2010.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2016a). Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2016b). Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Perkara Ekonomi Syariah.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2018). Himpunan yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung RI tahun 2018.
Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī. (2004). Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (1st ed.). Islamic Book Service.
Nasution, A. (2019). Pluralisme hukum waris di Indonesia. Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan, 5(1), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v5i1.957
Pemerintah Indonesia. (1989). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama.
Pemerintah Indonesia. (1991). Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.
Pemerintah Indonesia. (2006). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama.
Pemerintah Indonesia. (2008). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah.
Pemerintah Indonesia. (2009). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 50 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama.
Pengadilan Agama Surabaya. (2025). Putusan Pengadilan Agama Surabaya Nomor 5874/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Sby.
Pengadilan Agama Surabaya. (2025, January 24). Pengadilan Agama Surabaya berhasil mendamaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah melalui mediasi.
Permadi, I. (2023). Peralihan hak atas tanah warisan terhadap ahli waris beda agama dalam perspektif hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 8(1), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v8i1.6254
Rosidah, Z. N. (2020). Limitation of application of sharia principles in sharia economic dispute resolution in religious courts. Journal of Morality and Legal Culture, 1(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.20961/jmail.v1i1.44749
Shalehah, I. (2020). Waris beda agama (Analisis putusan perkara kewarisan beda agama dalam Putusan MA 16/KAG/2018). Al-Manhaj: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Family Law, 2(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-manhaj.v2i1.3076
Syaikhu, S. (2019). The dispute settlements of inheritance in Palangka Raya: A legal anthropology approach. Mazahib, 18(1), 117–141. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i1.1441
Thamrin, R., & Mujib, A. (2023). Implementation of mediation in sharia economic disputes in Yogyakarta Religious Court. Al-Amwal: Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 8(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.24256/alw.v8i1.3686
Triana, N. (2019). Urgensitas mediator dalam penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga. Law Reform, 15(2), 239–257. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v15i2.26184
Wahyudi, M. I. (2021). Melacak illat hukum larangan waris beda agama. Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 10(1), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.1.2021.155-172
Zubair, A., Latif, H., & Hariyanto, A. F. D. (2022). The construction of inheritance law reform in Indonesia: Questioning the transfer of properties through wasiat wājibah to non-Muslim heirs. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 6(1), 176–197. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.12628
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
