Dampak Obesitas Anak Terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif dan Interaksi sosial di Lingkungan Sekolah

Abstract

Childhood obesity has emerged as a growing global health issue that significantly affects various dimensions of children’s development, particularly within the educational context. This paper aims to analyze the impact of obesity on children’s cognitive abilities and social interaction in the school environment. Using a literature review approach, the study synthesizes findings from academic journals, health reports, and educational research that examine the relationship between excessive body weight, cognitive functioning, and psychosocial well-being. The results of the review indicate that childhood obesity is associated with several cognitive challenges, including decreased attention span, reduced working memory performance, slower information-processing speed, and lower academic achievement compared to peers with healthy weight status. These cognitive impairments are believed to be influenced by both physiological factors—such as inflammation and hormonal imbalance—and psychological factors, including low self-esteem and increased stress levels. In addition to cognitive difficulties, obesity also has notable social implications. Children with obesity often experience stigmatization, bullying, and social exclusion, which can hinder their ability to build positive peer relationships. These negative social experiences may further impact their emotional regulation, sense of belonging, and participation in school activities. The combined effects on cognition and social interaction ultimately influence the child’s overall developmental trajectory and school success. This study highlights the importance of collaborative efforts between schools, families, and health professionals in addressing childhood obesity. Early intervention programs, supportive school environments, and inclusive social practices are crucial to promoting both physical health and psychosocial well-being. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, educators, and caregivers in designing comprehensive strategies that support healthier lifestyles and improved developmental outcomes for children.