Ocean Engineering : Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim
Journal Title: Ocean Engineering : Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim Initials: Ocean Engineering Frequency: Maret, Juni, September dan Desember Print ISSN: 2963-5012 Online ISSN: 2963-5454 Editor in Chief: Sunu Arsy Pratomo, ST.,MT DOI: 10.58192 Publisher: Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang Ocean Engineering : Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim: ISSN: 2963-5012 (cetak), ISSN: 2963-5454 (Online) Menyambut baik kiriman yang memberikan wawasan tentang masalah terkini dan utama yang berhubungan dengan ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim. Artikel bisa ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris atau bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Ocean Engineering diterbitkan 4 kali setahun: Maret, Juni, September dan Desember. Silakan buat Artikel Template baru lalu kirimkan naskah Anda. Jurnal ini terakreditasi SINTA 5 (SK Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 156/C/C3/KPT/2026 tanggal 7 April 2026, tentang Pemberitahuan Hasil Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode 2 Tahun 2025), dimulai dari Volume 2 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 sampai Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2028. Indexed by : Journal Sponsors and Partners :
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang
Analisis Faktor Terjadinya Kecelakaan Kerja akibat Tidak Diterapkannya Budaya Keselamatan Kerja di KM. Dharma Kencana
This research is motivated by a work accident experienced by one of the crew members of KM. Dharma Kencana. The crew member suffered an incident in which his ring finger was severed. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the causal factors of the work accident as well as preventive efforts to improve the occupational safety culture on board the ship. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation during sea practice. The data were analyzed inductively to gain an in-depth understanding of the actual conditions in the field. The results show that the severing of the crew member's ring finger was caused by two factors: not using complete Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and lack of vigilance while working. Efforts to reduce the risk of work accidents include implementing safety meetings and increasing supervision by officers. With these measures, it is expected that the awareness and compliance of crew members in using PPE will increase so that the risk of work accidents can be minimized and occupational safety on board ships is better guaranteed.
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Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Abandon Ship Drill untuk Meningkatkan Kecakapan para Kru Kapal ketika Terjadi Situasi Darurat
Safety of life at sea is a crucial aspect in merchant vessel operations, making crew readiness in facing emergency situations extremely important. One effort to improve this readiness is through the implementation of abandon ship drills. However, in practice, drill implementation is often not fully effective in developing crew competence. This study aims to analyze crew readiness in conducting abandon ship drills and evaluate the extent to which drill implementation has been optimal in enhancing crew competence when facing emergency situations on MV. CNC TIGER. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including direct observation, interviews with the chief officer and third officer, and documentation studies. The data obtained were analyzed using gap analysis by comparing the practice of abandon ship drill implementation on MV. CNC TIGER with international regulations SOLAS 1974 Chapter III Regulation 19. The results showed that crew readiness in conducting abandon ship drills falls into the adequate category but is not yet optimal. Although drill frequency has met SOLAS requirements, crew response to emergency alarms remains slow, understanding of duties according to the muster list has not been fully mastered, and lifeboat launching has not been carried out according to established standards. Additionally, drill implementation tends to be administrative and lacks realism, thus failing to maximize crew competence development. Therefore, optimization of abandon ship drill implementation is needed through improved training quality, scenario realism, officer leadership, and continuous evaluation to enhance crew readiness and safety.
Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Suhu Pada Unit Pod Propulsion Kapal Nelayan Tradisional Berbasis Internet Of Things
The development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has made a significant contribution to the advancement of monitoring systems in the maritime sector, particularly in supporting the safety and operational efficiency of vessels. One of the common problems encountered in traditional fishing boats is overheating in the pod propulsion unit due to the limited availability of real-time temperature monitoring systems. This study aims to design and implement an IoT-based temperature monitoring system for the pod propulsion unit of traditional fishing boats using an ESP32 microcontroller. The developed system utilizes DHT11 and BMP180 sensors to detect temperature, humidity, and pressure parameters in the engine environment, and transmits the data in real time to the ThingSpeak cloud platform via an internet network. This research employed an experimental engineering approach consisting of hardware design, software integration, system testing, and monitoring performance analysis. Testing was conducted on an engine simulator and a traditional fishing boat with data acquisition intervals of 10–20 minutes. The results show that the system is capable of monitoring temperature in real time, displaying data locally through an OLED LCD, and providing remote visualization through a cloud-based platform. The system can also present continuous temperature data and facilitate engine condition monitoring to support overheating prevention. However, system performance is still influenced by internet connection stability and the limited accuracy of the DHT11 sensor at high temperatures. This study contributes to the development of an energy-efficient, easy-to-implement IoT-based maritime monitoring system suitable for traditional fishing boats in Indonesia.
Implementation of Man Overboard Emergency Handling Based on Safety Management System
Man overboard (MOB) incidents remain one of the most critical emergencies in maritime operations due to the high risk of loss of life and the limited time available for rescue actions. The effectiveness of MOB handling is highly dependent on crew response, communication, coordination, and adherence to established safety procedures. This study aims to analyze the conformity of man overboard handling implementation on KM. Tidar with the Safety Management System (SMS) of PT PELNI. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and NVivo-assisted data analysis during sea practice onboard KM. Tidar. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings indicate that MOB handling on KM. Tidar consists of six stages: initial detection, initial response actions, emergency communication, rescue maneuver, search operation, and follow-up actions. Most procedures were implemented in accordance with the company’s SMS, particularly in emergency communication, rescue maneuver execution, and search operations. The Williamson Turn maneuver was applied effectively under limited visibility conditions during nighttime operations. However, procedural non-conformities were identified at the initial detection stage, including the absence of verbal “man overboard” warning, failure to activate the emergency alarm, and incomplete initial recording procedures. These issues were influenced by human factors, operational pressure, and emergency conditions. The study concludes that MOB handling was operationally effective but not fully compliant with SMS requirements, emphasizing the need to strengthen emergency preparedness and safety culture onboard vessels.
Rancang Bangun Monitoring Sumber Energi Listrik pada Kapal Berbasis IoT
This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical energy source monitoring system for ships to support the utilization of renewable energy, particularly Wind Power Generation (WPG). The background of this research is the continued use of manual monitoring systems, which are less effective, prone to recording errors, and unable to provide real-time data monitoring. The developed system utilizes a ZMPT101B voltage sensor, an ACS712 current sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, a 20×4 I2C LCD, and the Node-RED platform for data visualization and storage. This study employs a quantitative experimental method, including hardware design, software development, and static and dynamic testing. Testing was conducted at two locations, namely the Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Surabaya and Kenjeran Beach, Surabaya, for 8 hours. The results show that the system performed successfully, displaying real-time data through both the LCD and Node-RED dashboard while also enabling automatic data logging without data loss. The ACS712 sensor exhibited an error range of 2.38%–7.14%, while the ZMPT101B sensor showed an average error of approximately 0.8%. Based on these results, the developed IoT-based monitoring system is considered feasible for shipboard electrical monitoring and has the potential to improve operational efficiency in electrical monitoring activities.
Sistem Monitoring Kerusakan Motor Kapal dengan Sensor Piezoelectric Secara Real-Time
The electric motor of a ship’s sewage pump operates continuously and plays an important role in the ship’s sanitation system. Therefore, motor condition monitoring is required to prevent operational disruptions. Motor damage is generally preceded by increased vibration caused by imbalance, bearing wear, or improper installation. This study aims to design a real-time monitoring system for electric motor damage of a ship’s sewage pump using a piezoelectric sensor as a vibration detector. The research method used was an experimental method consisting of system design, static testing, dynamic testing, and data analysis. The system was designed using a Moswell MW 125 motor as a representation of the sewage pump motor, a piezoelectric sensor as the vibration detector, an ESP32 microcontroller as the data processor and transmitter, and Node-RED as the monitoring display platform. Dynamic testing was carried out for 30 minutes with data readings taken every 5 minutes. The test results showed that the monitoring system worked according to the design. The motor vibration value under normal conditions ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 mm/s during the testing period, which was categorized as safe and stable. The system was able to display vibration data in a real-time, continuous, and accurate manner through the dashboard. Therefore, the piezoelectric sensor-based monitoring system can be used as an early detection tool for motor damage and to support preventive maintenance of the ship’s sewage pump electric motor.
PENGARUH KEPUASAN PENGGUNA JASA KEAGENAN KAPAL TERHADAP KINERJA AGEN PT ITL SHIPPING AGENCY CABANG BALIKPAPAN
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepuasan pengguna jasa terhadap kinerja agen PT ITL Shipping Agency Cabang Balikpapan. Sektor keagenan kapal memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mendukung kelancaran operasional kapal serta menjamin efektivitas kegiatan logistik maritim. Oleh karena itu, tingkat kepuasan pengguna jasa menjadi salah satu faktor utama yang dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan dan kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang melibatkan 50 responden pengguna jasa PT ITL Shipping Agency Cabang Balikpapan. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis regresi linear sederhana, koefisien determinasi, serta uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pengguna jasa berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja agen. Faktor-faktor yang paling dominan dalam membentuk kepuasan pengguna jasa adalah ketepatan waktu pelayanan, kecepatan respons dalam menangani kebutuhan pelanggan, serta kualitas komunikasi yang terjalin antara agen dan pengguna jasa. Nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 68,4% menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pengguna jasa mampu menjelaskan sebagian besar variasi kinerja agen. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa konsistensi dalam memberikan pelayanan yang tepat waktu, komunikasi yang efektif, serta standar pelayanan yang profesional dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan pelanggan, mendukung efisiensi operasional, dan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kinerja perusahaan keagenan kapal secara keseluruhan.
Manajemen Pembangunan Pada Developer Perumahan (Britania Cilegon)
The development of cluster housing requires integrated management involving civil engineering aspects, construction quality control, project management, cost efficiency, time scheduling, and post-construction maintenance. This colloquium study discusses engineering practices in the Britania Cilegon Housing Project developed by PT. MAS Group, focusing on the construction of Phase I consisting of 160 housing units of type 40 and type 51 out of the total planned area of 535 plots. The methods applied in this study included field observations, project document analysis, technical coordination with the developer and contractors, and engineering evaluation of construction implementation and building maintenance processes. The results indicate that land procurement and site preparation were generally carried out effectively; however, the land elevation, which was relatively close to the river level, required stricter supervision of fill work and drainage systems. Housing designs were prepared internally by the developer, while construction activities were divided based on block zones, house types, and Work Order Letters (SPK). Several major issues identified during construction included inconsistencies in work quality among contractors, violations of construction procedures, project delays caused by inefficient allocation of contractor resources, and defects found in roof structures, wall finishes, and wet areas. Control measures were implemented through quality checklists, progress monitoring using bar charts and S-curves, corrective instructions, and penalties in the form of budget deductions when repairs were conducted directly by the developer. This engineering practice demonstrates that successful housing development is strongly influenced by consistent supervision, sustainable design innovation, environmental awareness, and commitment to maintaining residential quality.
Analisis Kawasan Tergenang Akibat Banjir dan Kerusakan Sistem Drainase di Kelurahan Sidakarya, Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan
Flooding is one of the most common environmental problems in urban areas, driven by increasing rainfall intensity, land-use changes, population growth, and declining drainage system performance. This study aims to analyze the existing condition of the drainage system, evaluate channel capacity, and examine the relationship between drainage damage and flood inundation areas on Kerta Dalem Street, Sidakarya Village, South Denpasar District. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach through field surveys, direct observations, drainage channel measurements, and hydrological and hydraulic analyses. The data consisted of drainage channel conditions, rainfall records, and watershed characteristics. The findings indicate that several drainage channels have experienced sedimentation, solid waste blockage, channel siltation, and structural deterioration, resulting in reduced hydraulic capacity and an inability to convey stormwater runoff during periods of high rainfall. These conditions significantly contribute to flooding along road sections and surrounding residential areas. The study concludes that improving drainage capacity through physical rehabilitation, channel normalization, and routine maintenance is essential to reduce flood risk. The findings are expected to provide useful information for local governments in developing more effective and sustainable urban drainage management strategies to minimize flooding impacts in South Denpasar.
Analisis Zona Wake dan Distribusi Energi Turbulen pada Electric Shuttle Bus 14 Seats Menggunakan Simulasi CFD
Climate change issues and dependence on fossil fuels have driven a rapid increase in electric vehicle development, including electric shuttle buses for public transportation. Although superior in emissions and noise levels, these vehicles still face challenges in energy efficiency, particularly due to aerodynamic drag at medium to high speeds. This study aims to analyze the wake zone characteristics and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) distribution on a 14-seat electric shuttle bus to comprehensively understand the mechanisms of aerodynamic drag. The method employed is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation using the SST turbulence model. Simulations were conducted at velocity variations of 20 km/h, 40 km/h, and 60 km/h. The simulation results indicate that increasing velocity strengthens the flow separation phenomenon, triggering an expansion of the wake zone length from 19.51 cm to 30.05 cm. This expansion correlates linearly with a sharp surge in the maximum TKE value from 530 m2/s2 to 6,100 m2/s2, which significantly contributes to the increase in total drag force. These findings imply that aerodynamic evaluation should not solely rely on the global drag coefficient but must also account for the management of wake structures and turbulent energy. Ultimately, this research provides a strategic foundation for vehicle body design optimization to enhance the energy efficiency and driving range of electric shuttle buses.
Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Susunan Pipa Kondensor, Masa Refrigerant, dan Kecepatan Aliran Udara Kondensor Terhadap Performa Kulkas R-600a
This study aims to analyze the effects of condenser pipe configuration, refrigerant charge, and condenser airflow velocity on the performance of a refrigerator using R-600a refrigerant. The condenser pipe configurations investigated were U10, U12, and U14, with refrigerant charges of 46 g, 48 g, and 50 g, and condenser fan speeds of 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1300 rpm. The observed parameters included the refrigerant mass flow rate (ṁ), compressor work (W), condenser heat rejection capacity (Qc), and Coefficient of Performance (COP). The analysis was conducted based on enthalpy data at each point of the refrigeration cycle and the performance test results of the cooling system.The results indicate that increasing the number of condenser pipe passes and the refrigerant charge tends to enhance the condenser's heat rejection capability, thereby improving overall system performance. The optimum configuration was achieved with the U14 condenser pipe arrangement, a refrigerant charge of 50 g, and a condenser airflow velocity corresponding to a fan speed of 1300 rpm. This configuration produced a refrigerant mass flow rate of 0,0184 kg/s, compressor work of 1,32 kW, condenser heat rejection capacity of 5,65 kW, and the highest COP value of 4,28. In contrast, the lowest performance was obtained with the U10 condenser pipe arrangement, a refrigerant charge of 48 g, and a fan speed of 1000 rpm, resulting in a COP of 3,27. In general, increasing the condenser airflow velocity improved the condensation process and enhanced system efficiency, particularly for longer condenser pipe configurations. The findings demonstrate that the combination of condenser pipe configuration, refrigerant charge, and condenser airflow velocity has a significant effect on the performance and energy efficiency of an R-600a refrigerator.
Implementasi Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) dalam Mendukung Sistem Produksi Manufaktur: Systematic Literature Review
As the manufacturing industry continues to evolve, competition has become increasingly intense. Consequently, companies are required to enhance operational performance, data integration, and decision-making effectiveness. To address these challenges, many organizations have adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems as the primary platform for operational integration. However, systematic analyses of the impact of ERP implementation on production performance and operational performance remain limited. This study aims to examine how ERP implementation supports manufacturing production systems. The aspects analyzed include production planning, inventory control, process efficiency, and overall operational performance. The research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach using data sources published between 2016 and 2024 and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Of the 312 articles initially identified, 73 met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed through bibliometric and categorical evaluations. The findings indicate that ERP implementation improves production efficiency by an average of 22.4%, increases inventory accuracy by 21.5%, and reduces lead time by up to 50%. In addition, operational costs decrease by an average of 17.8%, while customer satisfaction increases by 19 points. Production management, procurement, and warehouse management were identified as the three key components influencing these improvements. This study provides comprehensive insights for practitioners and researchers in designing effective ERP implementation strategies within the manufacturing sector.
Manajemen Waktu Proyek Duplikasi Jembatan Akibat Durasi Pelaksanaan Uji Lapangan dan Waktu Tunggu Hasil
Field testing duration in bridge duplication projects affects the construction schedule through critical path determination, laboratory waiting time, and the potential need for retesting. Soil testing for foundation works and concrete mix testing for superstructure components consistently appear on critical activities that require close managerial attention. This study discusses how field and laboratory testing influence project time performance and identifies practical strategies to reduce delay risks. Management approaches that balance the need for accurate technical data with project completion targets include activity overlapping, rapid testing technologies, critical chain scheduling, and coordination among field teams, laboratories, consultants, and design teams. Contractual risk allocation clauses and variability-based contingency planning are important to manage uncertainty during testing activities. Seasonal weather factors must be incorporated into testing schedules because rainfall and site conditions can affect sampling and test execution. Retesting can be minimized through preliminary testing, certified material sources, and quality control. Testing-related delays may also affect contractor cash flow through milestone payment mechanisms.
Analisis Kinerja Simpang Jalan Sujadi-Jalan Dawar-Jalan Randam-Jalan Ismail Kabupaten Bengkayang Menggunakan Metode PKJI 2023
Intersections are points of traffic conflict that have the potential to cause delays and traffic accidents. The unsignalized four-way intersection at Jl. Sujadi–Jl. Randam–Jl. Dawar–Jl. Ismail in Sanggau Ledo District, Bengkayang Regency, is a strategic intersection that needs to be evaluated for its performance under existing conditions and projections for the next five years. The best course of action was identified by a performance analysis based on the 2023 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines. Through three days of weekend and weekday CCTV surveillance, researchers were able to gather data on intersection shape, vehicle speed, and traffic volume. An average delay of 9,89 seconds was shown by the current conditions study, which indicated a level of service A. However, the five-year projection indicated an increased delay of 23,373 seconds with a level of service C. These findings informed the decision to limit the operation hours for medium trucks crossing the crossroads, enlarge major and minor roads, redirect traffic entering Jl. Dawar, and apply alternatives exclusively to the five-year projection condition. This alternate method was effective in achieving a level of service B while also reducing delay by 14,391 seconds.
Analisis Penerapan Dynamic Positioning pada PSV S Panglima Saat Cuaca Buruk
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Dynamic Positioning (DP) system on the Platform Supply Vessel (PSV) S Panglima in dealing with adverse weather conditions during offshore operations. A descriptive qualistative method was employed, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with the Dynamic Positioning Operator (DPO), and documentation from the vessel's Dynamic Positioning System (DPS). The results indicate that the Dynamic Positioning Class 2 system was able to maintain the vessel's position effectively under wind speeds of up to 30 knots and wave heights of up to 3 meters, with an average position deviation of less than 3 meters and thruster utilization ranging from 75% to 95%. However, under extreme weather conditions, system performance declined due to sensor disturbances and increased propulsion loads. Manual intervention by the DPO using Hybrid Control mode proved effective in stabilizing the vessel's position and preventing loss of position. Adverse weather conditions increased fuel consumption by up to 70% and reduced operational efficiency by approximately 12%; nevertheless, the DP system remained an effective solution for maintaining the vessel's position without anchoring, thereby enhancing operational safety and efficiency at sea. The study concludes that the successful implementation of the DP system under severe weather conditions depends on sensor reliability, proper system maintenance, and operator competence. Therefore, routine sensor calibration, extreme weather simulation training for DPOs, and the integration of real-time weather monitoring systems are recommended to further improve Dynamic Positioning performance in offshore vessel operations.
Perencanaan Box Underpass Tunnel dengan Metode Kekuatan Batas (Ultimate Design)
This study aims to design a Box Underpass Tunnel structure using the Ultimate Strength Design method to ensure structural safety, stability, and serviceability. The research applies a descriptive quantitative approach through technical analysis and structural calculations to evaluate the requirements and feasibility of a pedestrian underpass tunnel in the Bundaran Besar area, Palangka Raya City. The data utilized in this study consist of primary project data from the Menara and Bundaran Besar development obtained from the Public Works and Housing Agency of Central Kalimantan Province. The structural design uses K-300 quality concrete and U-41 reinforcing steel with a slab thickness of 45 cm. Structural modeling and analysis are performed using SAP2000 software to determine internal forces and reinforcement requirements. The analysis results show that the main reinforcement for the top slab is D19-50, wall slab is D19-150, and base slab is D19-50, while secondary reinforcement for all structural components uses D13-100. The findings confirm that the Ultimate Strength Design method provides an effective and reliable approach for designing Box Underpass Tunnel structures.
Analisis Frekuensi Getaran dan Diagnosis Kegagalan pada Kompresor Udara Ulir Ganda Berdasarkan Standar ISO 10816-3
A twin screw air compressor is an important industrial machine whose performance is strongly influenced by its mechanical condition during operation. One of the main parameters used to evaluate machine condition and health is vibration. Excessive vibration may indicate mechanical faults such as mass imbalance, mechanical looseness, and abnormal rotor lobe interaction. This study aims to analyze the vibration characteristics of a twin screw air compressor during operation and to identify fault indications based on frequency spectrum analysis. Vibration measurements were carried out using an Emerson CSI 2130 Machinery Health Analyzer with tri-axial accelerometers at several measurement points on the compressor and electric motor. Time-domain vibration data were processed using the Fast fourier transform (FFT) method to obtain frequency spectra, which were then analyzed based on fundamental frequencies, harmonics, and Lobe mesh frequency (LMF). The vibration amplitude results were compared with ISO 10816- 3 standard to evaluate machine condition. The analysis results show dominant frequencies at 0.5× RPM and 1× RPM indicating mechanical looseness and mass imbalance, as well as the appearance of a frequency around 253 Hz and its harmonics identified as lobe mesh frequency. Evaluation based on ISO 10816-3 indicates that the machine vibration condition ranges from acceptable to dangerous zones at certain measurement points. This study can be used as a basis for machine condition assessment and maintenance recommendations.
Studi Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) di Pantai Teluk Penyu Cilacap Menggunakan Analisis Distribusi Weibull
The ever-increasing demand for electrical energy drives the utilization of renewable energy as a sustainable alternative source. Wind energy is one such potential renewable energy source. As a region situated on the southern coast of Java, Cilacap Regency possesses relatively stable wind characteristics, making it a promising location for the development of wind power plants. This study aims to analyze the wind energy potential in the Cilacap region using the Weibull distribution. The Weibull method was employed to determine the shape parameter (k) and scale parameter (c) based on wind speed data. The analysis results indicate an average wind speed of 6.225 m/s in the Cilacap region especially Teluk Penyu Beach, with Weibull parameters of k = 2.972 and c = 6.973 m/s. These values ​​reflect wind characteristics that are relatively stable and favorable for the development of small- to medium-scale wind power plants. The calculated wind power density (WPD) indicates that the coastal area of ​​Cilacap is suitable for harnessing wind energy as an alternative energy source.
Analisis Penyebab Terjadinya Kandas KMP Agung Samudra XVIII saat Masuk Pelabuhan Gilimanuk
Shipping accidents, particularly ship grounding incidents, remain a major concern in maritime transportation because they may threaten navigational safety, disrupt port operations, and cause economic losses. Harbor waters with narrow channels, shallow depths, and unpredictable environmental conditions require ship officers to maintain high levels of accuracy and coordination during maneuvering activities. This study examines the factors that caused the grounding of KMP Agung Samudra XVIII while approaching Gilimanuk Harbor. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through direct onboard observation, interviews with the master, second officer, helmsman, and chief engineer, as well as analysis of operational records and incident documentation. The collected data were analyzed by identifying the relationship between operational conditions and the actions taken by the ship’s crew before the accident occurred. The findings reveal that the grounding incident was not caused by a single factor, but rather by the interaction of environmental conditions, human factors, and technical issues. Strong sea currents and wind pressure significantly affected the vessel’s maneuverability during harbor entry. In addition, delayed responses from the officer on watch and insufficient communication with the master reduced the effectiveness of navigational decision-making. Technical disturbances in the steering system also contributed to the vessel’s inability to maintain a safe course. As a result, the ship drifted outside the intended navigation lane and eventually ran aground. The study highlights the importance of improving bridge team coordination, strengthening emergency response procedures, and ensuring the reliability of steering equipment in order to minimize the possibility of similar maritime accidents in harbor areas.
Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Inlet Nozzle terhadap Performa Turbin Tesla pada Analisis Eksperimen, Teoritis, dan Simulasi CFD
The bladeless Tesla turbine, which converts fluid momentum into rotary motion through viscous boundary-layer interaction with smooth parallel discs, has attracted renewed interest for micro-scale renewable energy applications. Despite this promise, optimizing the inlet nozzle geometry remains crucial to enhancing turbine performance under limited pressure and flow conditions. This study investigates the effect of varying nozzle inlet angles (10°, 20°, and 30°) on the performance of a Tesla turbine with a 19-disc rotor (95 mm diameter, 1.28 mm thickness, 0.6 mm spacing) operating with water at 5 PSI and a maximum flow rate of 4 LPM. A tri-method approach was adopted, combining physical experiments, analytical calculations based on rotational dynamics, and Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation using SolidWorks Flow Simulation. Results consistently demonstrate that the smallest nozzle angle (10°) delivers the highest performance: experimental efficiency of 0.147% and power of 0.140 Watt; theoretical efficiency of 0.23% and power of 0.34 Watt; and CFD-simulated efficiency of 0.340% and power of 0.748 Watt, with an average torque of 0.252 Nm. The findings confirm that a smaller nozzle angle extends the boundary-layer growth along the disc surface, thereby enhancing momentum transfer efficiency. This research provides a validated methodology for nozzle optimization applicable to pico-hydro renewable energy systems.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kontaminasi pada Stock Rom di PT Tri Oetama Pesada
This study aims to analyze coal stockpiling management in the Stock ROM area to minimize contaminants at PT Tri Oetama Persada, Batapah Village, Timpah District, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan. Coal contamination is a significant issue caused by suboptimal mining, hauling, and stockpiling processes, which may reduce coal quality. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method through field observations, documentation, and analysis of primary and secondary company data. The analysis focuses on stockpiling patterns, management systems, contamination factors, and field implementation. The results indicate that the Stock ROM applies the Chevcon stockpiling pattern with a FIFO (First In First Out) system. However, several problems were identified, including ineffective FIFO implementation, excessive coal pile height, and limited supervision during stacking and reclaiming activities. Contamination factors include poor ROM base conditions, water accumulation, foreign material contamination, and inadequate cleaning and recovery processes. Minimizing efforts include improving FIFO supervision, optimizing Stock ROM design and maintenance, separating materials during stockpiling, and conducting routine temperature and cleanliness monitoring. Improved management practices are expected to maintain coal quality and reduce contamination risks.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring pH Air Laut dan Ballast pada Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) Berbasis Internet of Things
This study presents the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system for seawater pH and ballast water level on an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). The increasing use of USVs in maritime operations requires a monitoring system capable of observing environmental conditions and vessel stability in real time. The proposed system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller, an Analog DFRobot pH sensor, and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. Sensor data are transmitted using the MQTT protocol through a Wi-Fi network and visualized on a Node-RED dashboard. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed system successfully acquires, transmits, and displays seawater pH and ballast water level data in real time. The integration of both monitoring parameters within a single IoT platform provides an effective solution for supporting autonomous maritime operations and environmental monitoring.
Proses Penerbitan Sertifikat Kapal Berbendera Marshall Island untuk Persyaratan Crew on Board pada PT. Korin Global Mandiri
This study aims to analyze the Marshall Island certificate issuance procedure, identify the obstacles encountered, and determine the company's efforts to overcome these obstacles to ensure smooth crew onboard placement. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies at PT. Korin Global Mandiri. The results indicate that the Marshall Island certificate issuance procedure is implemented through several stages, namely crew recruitment, document collection, document verification, selection of the form (MI-105 for officers and MI-273 for ratings), form completion, document upload to the International Registries Inc. (IRI) system, verification by the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and certificate issuance. The main obstacles identified include incomplete crew documents, inconsistencies in identity data, delays in document processing, and lack of crew discipline in submitting documents. To address these issues, the company conducts document rechecking, coordinates intensively with crew members, provides submission reminders, and monitors the certification process to minimize delays and support onboard placement.