Desain Kelembagaan Pembiayaan Perang pada Masa Nabi Muhammad SAW
(Analisis Historis terhadap Ghanimah dan Fai' dalam Pembentukan Ketahanan Fiskal Negara Madinah)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58192/wawasan.v4i1.4936Keywords:
Fai', Fiscal Resilience, Ghanimah, Madinah State, War FinancingAbstract
This study aims to analyze the institutional design of war financing during the time of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH through the instruments of ghanimah and fai' and its contribution to the formation of fiscal resilience of the State of Medina. This study is motivated by the limitations of research that discusses ghanimah and fai' from the perspective of fiscal institutions and state asset management. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach sourced from the Qur'an, hadith, Islamic historical literature, and relevant scientific journals. The analysis was carried out through a historical and conceptual approach to reconstruct the management mechanisms of ghanimah and fai' in the fiscal system of Medina. The results of the study show that there is a transformation of war property management from an individualistic 'urf pattern to a structured institutional system oriented towards the public interest. The instrument not only functions as a source of state revenue, but also as a means of distribution and redistribution of wealth that supports social justice, political stability, and community welfare. The productive management of fai' lands forms a sustainable cycle of war financing and strengthens the country's fiscal capacity. These findings confirm that Medina's fiscal resilience is built through the integration of sharia principles, effective public asset governance, and sustainable defense financing strategies, thereby enriching the Islamic economic literature in the perspective of fiscal institutional history.
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