PENGEMBANGAN MARITIME LEADERSHIP BERBASIS HUMAN FACTOR MELALUI INTEGRASI KOMPETENSI TEKNIK MARITIM DAN MARITIME HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PADA PENDIDIKAN TINGGI MARITIM DI INDONESIA

Abstract

The modern maritime industry faces increasingly complex challenges due to advances in navigation technology, the digitalization of ship operations, and growing demands for maritime safety. These developments require maritime higher education institutions not only to produce graduates with strong technical maritime competencies but also to develop effective maritime leadership supported by human factors and maritime human resource management. This study aims to analyze the development of human factor-based maritime leadership through the integration of technical maritime competency and Maritime Human Resource Development within Indonesian maritime higher education institutions. A qualitative approach with a multiple-case study design was employed involving three public maritime higher education institutions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, bridge simulator observations, and document analysis, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that maritime leadership is developed through the integration of three key components: Technical Maritime Competency, Human Factor Competency, and Maritime Human Resource Development. Technical maritime competency serves as the foundation of professional competence for prospective ship officers, while human factors strengthen communication, situational awareness, teamwork, and decision-making during ship operations. Furthermore, human resource development through classroom learning, Bridge Resource Management training, navigation simulators, sea practice, and character development programs reinforces leadership competencies in a sustainable manner. This study proposes the Integrated Maritime Leadership Development Model, which explains how the integration of technical competency, human factors, and maritime human resource development contributes to effective maritime leadership, safe ship operations, and a strong maritime safety culture. The findings provide practical implications for designing integrated maritime education curricula that better align with the competency requirements of the global shipping industry.