Konsep Uang dalam Fikih Islam dan Shariah Monetary Policy Model (SMPM)

Perspektif Stabilitas Moneter Indonesia

Abstract

Money is a vital instrument in the economic system, functioning as a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a unit of account. In Islamic jurisprudence, money is not only viewed as an economic aspect, but also as a normative and ethical one. This study aims to explore the concept of money in Islamic jurisprudence and develop a Shariah Monetary Policy Model (SMPM) as an alternative framework for Islamic monetary policy. In contrast to previous studies that tend to be limited to normative debates regarding the legitimacy of fiat money or descriptive analysis of Islamic monetary instruments, this study offers novelty by integrating classical Islamic jurisprudence theory on money with contemporary empirical data (Indonesian inflation, sukuk, zakat) in one conceptual model. The research approach used is a systematic literature review (SLR) with secondary data reinforcement. The results of the study confirm that money in Islam must be related to the real sector, avoid speculation, and support the equitable distribution of wealth. The SMPM is developed through the integration of money, Islamic monetary instruments (sukuk, profit sharing), Islamic social instruments (zakat, waqf), and maqasid al-shariah. This model has the potential to strengthen monetary stability, support social justice, and is relevant not only for Indonesia but also as a global alternative to the interest-based system.