Membangun Budaya Toleransi di Tengah Pluralisme Kepercayaan: Perspektif Mangunwijaya dan Abdurrahman Wahid

Abstract

This study examines efforts to preserve a culture of peace within Indonesia’s pluralistic society through the thoughts of Y.B. Mangunwijaya and Abdurrahman Wahid. The research focuses on the principles, approaches, and contributions of both figures in building interfaith relations that are humanistic, inclusive, and civilized. The study employs a library research method using a qualitative analytical approach toward the works, ideas, and social practices developed by the two figures. The findings indicate that Mangunwijaya emphasized the importance of liberation theology, religious humanism, and civic spirituality through cultural approaches manifested in education, art, and humanitarian activities. On the other hand, Abdurrahman Wahid upheld the values of monotheism, humanity, justice, and equality through socio-political reform, the protection of minority groups, and the deconstruction of religious stigmas that often become the roots of social conflict. Therefore, both figures offer a model of active tolerance that remains relevant as a foundation for strengthening interfaith harmony in Indonesia, especially amid the increasing challenges of intolerance, discrimination, and social polarization in contemporary society.